The prevalence of asthma is almost twice the rate in women as in men and ranges from 9.1 to 9.7% in adult women and 5.1 to 5.5% in men.1,2 Women have an increased vulnerability to inflammatory and autoimmune disease after puberty, and sex hormones have an effect on the inflammatory defense system, specifically on mast-cells3,4 (MC) and eosinophils cells. The normal fluctuations of estrogens trigger the mast-cell degranulation, while testosterone and other androgens have a more stabilizing effect. The normal perimenstrual fluctuations of sex hormones in women are thought to be responsible for the worsening of many different perimenstrual symptoms, including inflammatory,5 autoimmune,6,7 and pain-related conditions, including headaches and pelvic pain.8, 9, 10,11
A review of asthma as influenced by a woman’s key hormonal events can be helpful in understanding the times of vulnerability and thus provide insight as to prevention and treatment strategies:










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