PCOS Notes

by | Jan 19, 2015

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Notes

  1. Marchese M. Polycystic ovarian syndrome: a natural treatment approach. Townsend Lett. Feb/March 2012:66–68.
  2. Guzick D. Polycystic ovarian syndrome. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;103(1):181–193.
  3. Romm A. Botanical Medicine for Women’s Health. St. Louis: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier; 2010:175–185.
  4. Wei A et al. Therapy for polycystic ovarian syndrome. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2003;3:678–682.
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  6. Azziz R. Androgen excess is the key element in polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2003;80:252–254.
  7. Azziz R et al. The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:2745–2782.
  8. Balen A et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome: the spectrum of this disorder in 1741 patients. Hum Reprod. 1995;10:2107–2111.
  9. Book C et al. Selective insulin resistance in the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 199;84(9):3110–3116.
  10. Dunaif A. Hyperandrogenic anovulation (PCOS): a unique disorder of insulin action associated with an increased risk of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J Med. 1995;98:33S–39S.
  11. Tsilchorozidou T et al. The pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome.
    Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2004;60:1–17.
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  13. Alexander C. Polycystic ovary syndrome: a major unrecognized cardiovascular risk factor in women. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2009;2(4):232–239.
  14. Marchese. Op cit.
  15. Speroff. Op cit.
  16. Solomon C. The epidemiology of polycystic ovary syndrome: prevalence and associated disease risks. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Amer. 1999;28(2):247–263.
  17. Fraser I et al. Current recommendations for the diagnostic evaluation and follow-up of patients presenting with symptomatic polycystic ovary syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2004;18(5):813–823.
  18. Ahene S et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Nurs Stand. 2004;18(26):40–44.
  19. Futterweit W. A Patient’s Guide to PCOS. New York: Henry Holt and Company; 2006.
  20. Marchese. Op cit.
  21. Carmina E. Diagnosing PCOS in women who menstruate regularly. Contemp Obstet Gynecol. 2003;53–64.
  22. Marchese. Op cit.
  23. Hill, K., Update: the pathogenesis and treatment of PCOS. Nurse Pract 2003;28:8–25.
  24. Romm. Op cit.
  25. Marchese. Op cit.
  26. Pritts E. Treatment of the infertile woman with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2002;57:587–597.
  27. Futterweit. Op cit.
  28. Atimo W et al. Familial associations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2003;80(1):143–145.
  29. Gonzalez C et al. Polycystic ovaries in childhood: a common finding in daughters of PCOS patients of PCOS patients. A pilot study. Hum Reprod. 2002;17(3):771–776.
  30. Govind A et al. Polycystic ovaries are inherited as an autosomal dominant trait: an analysis of 29 polycystic ovary and 10 control families. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:38043.
  31. Futterweit. Op cit.
  32. Azziz R et al. Family history as a risk factor for the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2000;13:1303–1306.
  33. Strauss J et al. Some new thoughts on the pathophysiology and genetics of polycystic ovary syndrome. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2003;997:42–48.
  34. Carey A et al. Evidence for a single gene effect causing polycystic ovaries and male pattern baldness. Clin Endocrinol. 38(6):653–658.
  35. Urbanek M et al. Thirty seven candidate genes for PCOS: Strongest evidence of linkage is follistatin. Proc Nat Acad Sci. 1999;38(6):653–658.
  36. King J. Polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2006;51(6):415–422.
  37. King. Ibid.
  38. Tsilchorozidou. The pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. 2004. Op cit.
  39. Marchese. Op cit.
  40. Speroff. Op cit.
  41. Romm. Op cit.
  42. Speroff. Op cit.
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  44. Marchese. Op cit.
  45. Romm. Op cit.
  46. Marantides D et al. Management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Nurse Pract. 1997;22(12):34–38,40–41.
  47. Tsilchorozidou T et al. Altered cortisol metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome: insulin enhances 5alpha-reduction but not the elevated adrenal steroid production rates. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;88(12):5907–5913.
  48. Barnea E et al. Stress-related reproductive failure. J In Vitro Fert Embryo Transf. 1991;8:15–23.
  49. Tsilchorozidou T et al. The pathophysiology of polycystic ovarian syndrome. 2004. Op cit.
  50. Lindsay A et al. Multicystic ovaries in primary hypothyroidism. Obstet Gynecol. 1983;61:433–437.
  51. Ghosh S et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism: a determinant of polycystic ovary syndrome. Horm Res. 1993;39:61–66.
  52. McNamara D. Thyroiditis rate three-fold higher with PCOS. Fam Pract News. 2004;Mar 1:75.
  53. Marchese. Op cit.
  54. Chang R et al. Normal ovulatory women with polycystic ovaries have hypoandrogenic pituitary-ovarian responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone-agonist testing. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85(3):995–1000.
  55. Pelusi B et al. Type 2 diabetes and the polycystic ovary syndrome. Minerva Ginecol. 2004;56(1):41–51.
  56. Talbott E et al. Cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Amer. 2001;28(1):111–133.
  57. Rajkhowa M et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome: a risk for cardiovascular disease. BJOG. 2000;107(1):11–18.
  58. Trent M et al. Fertility concerns and sexual behavior in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome: implications for quality of life. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2003;16(1):33–37.
  59. Radulovic A et al. Obesity and hormone function changes in female patients with polycystic ovaries. Med Pregl. 2003;56(9–10):476–480.
  60. Gonzalez, C et al. Polycystic ovarian disease: clinical and biochemical expression. Ginecol Obstet Mex. 2003;71:253–258.
  61. Pelusi B et al. Type 2 diabetes and the polycystic ovary syndrome. Minerva Ginecol. 2004;56(1):41–51.
  62. Legro R et al. Prevalence and predictors of risk for Type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective, controlled study in 254 affected women. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 1999;84(1):165–169.
  63. De Leo, V et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Minerva Ginecol. 2004;56(1):53–62.
  64. Solomon C et al. Long or irregular menstrual cycle as a marker for the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA. 2001;286(19):2421–2426.
  65. Solomon. Op cit.
  66. Danaif A et al. Beta cell dysfunction independent of obesity and glucose intolerance in the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81:942–947.
  67. Christian R et al. Prevalence and predictors of coronary artery calcification in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(6):2562–2568.
  68. Wild S et al. Cardiovascular disease in women with PCOS: A long-term follow up: A retrospective cohort study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2000;52(5):595–600.
  69. Talbot, E et al. Cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Amer. 2001;28(1):111–133.
  70. Marchese. Op cit.
  71. Orio F et al. The cardiovascular risk of young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: an observational, analytical, prospective case-control study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(8):3696–3701.
  72. Marchese. Op cit.
  73. Chang R. A practical approach to the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;191:713–717.
  74. Phelan N et al. Lipoprotein subclass patterns in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared with equally insulin-resistant women without PCOS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(8):3933–3939.
  75. Wild R et al. Assessment of cardiovascular risk and prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with the polycystic syndrome: a consensus statement by the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (AE-PCOS) society. Fertil Steril. 20011;95(3):1073–79.
  76. Ehrmann D. Polycystic ovarian syndrome. N Eng J Med. 2005;353:1223–1236.
  77. Romm. Op cit.
  78. Loverro G et al. The plasma homocysteine levels are increased in polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2002;53(3):157–162.
  79. Boulman N et al. Increased C-reactive protein levels in the polycystic ovary syndrome: a marker of cardiovascular disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 2004;89(5):2160–2165.
  80. Fenkev I et al. Decreased total antioxidant status and increased oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome may contribute to the risk of cardiovascular disease. Fertil Steril. 2003;8091):123–127.
  81. Lefebvre, P et al. Long-term risks of polycystic ovaries syndrome. Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2004;32(3):193–198.
  82. Landsberg M. Insulin sensitivity in the pathogenesis of hypertension and hypertensive complications. Clin Exp Hypertens. 1996;18(3–4):337–346.
  83. Milsom S et al. LH levels in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: have modern assays made them irrelevant? BJOG. 2003;110(8):760–764.
  84. Franks S. The ubiquitous polycystic ovary. J Endocrinol. 1991;129:317–319.
  85. Diejomaoh M et al. The relationship of recurrent spontaneous miscarriage with reproductive failure. Med Princ Pract. 2003;12(2):107–111.
  86. Rai R et al. Polycystic ovaries and recurrent miscarriage – a reappraisal. Hum Reprod. 2000;15:612–615.
  87. Hardiman P et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome and endometrial carcinoma. Lancet. 2003;361(9371):1810–1812.
  88. Spremovi R et al. The polycystic ovary syndrome associated with ovarian tumor. Srp Arh Celok Lek. 1997;125 (11–12):375–377.
  89. Wild S et al. Long-term consequences of polycystic ovary syndrome: results of a 31-year study. Hum Fertil (Camb). 2000;3(2):101–105.
  90. Robinson S et al. Postprandial thermogenesis is reduced in polycystic ovary syndrome and is associated with increased insulin resistance. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1992;36(6):537–543.
  91. Faloia E et al. Body composition, fat distribution and metabolic characteristics in lean and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest. 2004;27(5):424–429.
  92. Gambineri A et al. Obesity and the polycystic ovary syndrome. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002;26(7):883–896.
  93. Romm. Op cit.
  94. Wei. Op cit.
  95. Richardson. Op cit.
  96. Speroff. Op cit.
  97. Guzick D. Polycystic ovary syndrome: symptomatology, pathophysiology, and epidemiology. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998;196(6 Pt. 2):S89–S93.
  98. D’Hooghe T et al. Infertility. In: Novak’s Gynecology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002.
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  100. Lord J et al. Insulin-sensitizing drugs (metformin, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for polycystic ovarian syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003:3:(CD003053).
  101. McCarthy E et al. Metformin in obstetric and gynecologic practice: a review. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2004; Huber-Buchholz M et al. Restoration of reproductive potential by lifestyle modification in obese polycystic ovary syndrome: role of insulin sensitivity and luteinizing hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84(4):1470–1474.
  102. Anderson J et al. Dietary fiber: diabetes and obesity. Am J Gasteroenterol. 1986;81:898–906.
  103. Burke V. Dietary protein and soluble fiber reduce ambulatory blood pressure in treatment of hypertensives. Hypertension. 2001;38(4):821–826.
  104. Sprecher D et al. efficacy of psyllium in reducing serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic patients on high-or low-fat diets. Ann Inter Med. 1993;119:545–554.
  105. Huber-Buchholz. Op cit.
  106. Richardson. Op cit.
  107. Romm. Op cit.
  108. Solomon. Op cit.
  109. D’Hooghe. Op cit.
  110. Crosignani P et al. Overweight and obese anovulatory patients with polycystic ovaries: parallel improvements in anthropometric indices, ovarian physiology and fertility rate by diet. Human Reprod. 1932;18(9):1928–1932.
  111. Jakubowicz D et al. 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone responses to leuprolide and serum androgens in obese women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome offer dietary weight loss. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 1997;82(2):556–560.
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  113. Pasquali R et al. Weight control and its benefits on fertility in women with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 1997;12 (Suppl 1):82–87.
  114. Van Dam, E et al. Increase in daily LH secretion in response to short-term caloric restriction in obese women. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001;282:865–872.
  115. Ring. Op cit.
  116. Palomba S et al. Structured exercise training programme versus hypocaloric hyperproteinemic diet in obese polycystic ovary syndrome patients with anovulatory infertility: a 24-233k pilot study. HumReprod. 2008;23:642–650.
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  118. Kasim Karakas M et al. Metabolic and endocrine effects of a polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich diet in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 2004;89(2):615–620.
  119. Chan J et al. Water, other fluids, and fatal coronary heart disease. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;155(9):827–833.
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  121. Nestler J et al. Ovulatory and metabolic effects of d-chiro-inositol in the polycystic ovary syndrome. N Eng J Med. 1999;340:1314–1320.
  122. Baillargeon J et al. Altered D-chiro-inositol urinary clearance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:300–305.
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  124. Davis A et al. Effect of pinitol treatment on insulin action in subjects with insulin resistance. Diabetes Care. 2000;23:1000–1005.
  125. Ring. Op cit.
  126. Badawy A et al. N-acetyl cysteine and clomiphene citrate for induction of ovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome: a cross-over trial. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2007;86:218–222.
  127. Rizk S et al. N-acetyl-cysteine is a novel adjuvant to clomiphene citrate in clomiphene citrate-resistant patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2005;83:367–370.
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  129. Mills. Op cit.
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  133. Westphal L et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of Fertilityblend: a nutritional supplement for improving fertility in women. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2006;33:205–208.
  134. Marchese. Op cit.
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  136. Vassiliandi D et al. Increased 5 alpha-reductase activity and adrenocortical drive in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94:3558–3566.
  137. Chrubasik J et al. A comprehensive review on the stinging nettle effect and efficacy profiles. Part II: urticae radix. Phytomedicine. 2007;14(7–8):568–579.
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  141. Chan C et al. Effect of Chinese green tea on weight, and hormonal and biochemical profiles in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized placebo controlled trial. J Soc Gynecol Investig. 2006; Jan 13:63–68.
  142. Ibid.
  143. Marchese. Op cit.
  144. Amanini D et al. History of the endocrine effects of licorice. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2002;110(6):257–261.
  145. Amanini D et al. Licorice reduces serum testosterone in healthy women. Steroids. 2005;69:763–66.
  146. Grant P et al. Spearmint herbal tea has significant anti-androgen effects in polycystic ovarian syndrome. A randomized controlled trial. Phytother Res. 2010;24:186–188.
  147. Chen J et al. Maitake mushroom (Grifola frondosa) extract induces ovulation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a possible monotherapy and a combination therapy after failure with first-line clomiphene citrate. J Altern Complement Med. 2010;16(12):1295–1299.
  148. Marchese. Op cit.
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  150. Hsu F et al. Antihyperglycemic effects of paeoniflorin and S-debenzoylpaeoniflorin, glucosides from the root of Paeonia lactiflora. Planta Medica. 1997;63(4):323–325.
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  152. Lim C et al. Current evidence of acupuncture on polycystic ovarian syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2010;26:473–478.
  153. Stener-Victorin E et al. Low-frequency electroacupuncture and physical exercise decrease high muscle sympathetic nerve activity in polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Physiol. 2009;297:R387–R395.
  154. Eid G et al. Effective treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome with Roux-en Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2005;1:77–80.

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