Many of us have heard about illnesses caused by giardia and other parasites, but we tend to overlook connections between these microbes and digestive disease. According to the Centers for Disease Control, microscopic parasites probably cause more than 90 percent of all parasitic infections in the United States. Many doctors believe that we may be seriously underestimating parasites as contributors to disease. And then there are those that dismiss parasites as contributors to adverse health effects in the US. Worldwide, however, infectious diarrhea due to cholera, amoebas, giardia, and blastocystis, among others, is the second leading cause of death, fatal to at least 3 million people a year (Amin, 2005b). The burden of human infections with parasites worldwide is summarized below (Amin, 2017).
| Disease | Human infections | Annual deaths |
|---|---|---|
| Malaria | 489 million | 1 – 2 million |
| All worms | 4.5 billion | |
| Ascaris | 1.0 billion | 20 thousands |
| Hookworms | 900 million | 50 – 60 thousands |
| Whipworms | 750 million | |
| Filarial worms | 657 million | 20 – 50+ thousands |
| Schistosomes | 200 million | 0.5 – 1.0 million |










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