Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are among the most frequent infectious diseases throughout the world and are defined as infectious organisms which are transmitted between sex partners. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), about 19 million cases are reported each year with more than 20 different STIs.1 HPV is one of the most frequent causes of STIs in women worldwide with more than 200 different HPV genotypes papilloma virus (HPV) that are generally classified into high and low risk groups, which is based on their potential risk of causing cancer. About 99% of all cervical malignancies are one or more of the following HPV high risk types (16,18,31,35,39,45, 51, 52,56, 58,59). High risk types also play a role in other cancers including anal, oropharyngeal, vulvar, vaginal and penile.
HPV is easily transmitted from one person to another via skin and mucus membranes and while relatively common, the majority are subclinical and temporary due to suppression and clearance by an immunocompetent immune system. Cervical cytology and HPV tests are widely used for cervical cancer screening in countries that have easy access for people, and thus early detection is considered a key aspect of cervical cancer protection in particular.
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