1. Loch E, Selle H, Boblitz N. Treatment of premenstrual syndrome with a phytopharmaceutical formulation containing Vitex agnus castus. J Womens Health Gend Based Med . 2000;9:315–320.
2. Berger D, Schaffner W, Schrader E, Meier B, Brattstrom A. Efficacy of Vitex agnus castus L. extract Ze 440 in patients with pre-menstrual syndrome. Arch Gynecol Obstet . 2000;264:150–153.
3. Halaska M, Beles P, Gorkow C, Sieder C. Treatment of cyclical mastalgia with a solution containing a Vitex agnus castus extract: results of a placebo-controlled double-blind study. Breast . 2000 ;8:175–181.
4. Atmaca M, Kumru S, Tezcan E. Fluoxetine versus Vitex agnus castus extract in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Hum Psychopharmacol . 2003;18:191–195.)
5. Schellenberg R. Treatment for the premenstrual syndrome with agnus castus fruit extract: prospective, randomised, placebo controlled study. Br Med J . 2001;322:134–137.
6. He Z, Chen R, Zhou Y, et al. Treatment for premenstrual syndrome with Vitex agnus castus: A prospective, randomized, multi-center placebo controlled study in China. Maturitas . 2009 ;63:99–103 .
7. Van Die, M, Bone K, Burger H, et al. Effects of a combination of Hypericum perforatum and vitex agnus-castus on PMS-like symptoms in late-perimenopausal women: Findings from a subpopulation analysis. J Altern Comp Med . 2009;15(9):1045–1048.
8. Probst V Roth O. On a plant extract with hormonelike effect. Dtsch Med Wschr. 1954 ;79(35):1271–1274.
9. Borrelli F, Ernst E. Cimicifuga racemosa: a systematic review of its clinical efficacy. Eur J Clin Pharmacol . 2002;58:235–241.
10. Huntley A, Ernst E. A systematic review of herbal medicinal products for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Menopause . 2003;10:465–476.
11. Liske E, Hanggi W, Henneicke-von Zepelin H, et al. Physiological investigation of a unique extract of black cohosh: a 6 month clinical study demonstrates no systemic estrogenic effect. J Womens Health Gend Based Med . 2002;11:163–174.
12. Osmers R, Friede M, Liske E, Schnitker J, et al. Efficacy and safety of isopropanolic black cohosh extract for climacteric symptoms. Obstet Gynecol . 2005;105:1074–1083.
13. Frei-Kleiner S, Schaffner W, Rahlfs V, et al. Cimicifuga racemosa dried ethanolic extract in menopausal disorders: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Maturitas . 2005;16;51(4):397–404.
14. Wuttke W, Seidlova-Wuttke D, Gorkow C. The Cimicifuga preparation BNO 1055 vs. conjugated estrogens in a double-blind placebo-controlled study: effects on menopause symptoms and bone markers. Maturitas . 2003;44:S67–77.
15. Jacobson J, Troxel A, et al. Randomized trial of black cohosh for the treatment of hot flushes among women with a history of breast cancer. J Clin Oncol . 2001;19:2739–2745.
16. Stolze H. An alternative to treat menopausal symptoms with a phytotherapeutic agent. Med Welt. 1985;36:871–874.
17. Wuttke W, Gorkow C, Seidlova-Wuttke D. Effects of black cohosh on bone turnover, vaginal mucosa, and various blood parameters in postmenopausal women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, and conjugated estrogens-controlled study. Menopause. 2006;13(2):185–196.
18. Pockaj B et al. Phase III double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial of black cohosh in the management of hot flashes: NCCTG Trial NO1CC1. J Clin Oncol . 2006;24:2836–2841.
19. Newton K, Reed S, LaCroix A, Grothaus L, Ehrlich K, Guiltinan J. Treatment of vasomotor symptoms of menopause with black cohosh, multibotanicals, soy, hormone therapy, or placebo: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145(12) :869–879.
20. Uebelhack R, Jens-Uwe Blohmer, et al. Black cohosh and St. john’s wort for climacteric complaints. Obstet Gynecol . 2006;107:247–255.
21. Chung D, Kim H, Park K, et al. Black cohosh and St. John’s wort (GYNO-Plus) for climacteric symptoms. Yonsei Med J . 2007;48(2):289–294.
22. Bai W, Henneicke-von Zepelin H, Wang S, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of a medicinal product containing an isopropanolic black cohosh extract in Chinese women with menopausal symptoms: A randomized, double blind, parallel-controlled study versus tibolone. Maturitas . 2007 ;58:31–41.
23. Cancellieri F,De Leo V, Genazzani A, et al. Efficacy on menopausal neurovegetative symptoms and some plasma lipids blood levels of an herbal product containing isoflavones and other plant extracts. Maturitas . 2007 ;56:249–256
24. Reed S, Newton K, LaCroix A, et al. Vaginal, endometrial, and reproductive hormone findings: randomized, placebo-controlled trial of black cohosh, multibotanical herbs, and dietary soy for vasomotor symptoms: the Herbal Alternatives for Menopause (HALT) Study. Menopause . 2008;15(1):51–58.
25. Rostock M, Fischer J, Mumm A, et al. Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients with climacteric complaints – a prospective observational study. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2011 Jan 13;
26. Rebbeck T, Troxel A, Norman S, et al. A retrospective case-control study of the use of hormone-related supplements and association with breast cancer. Int. J. Cancer . 2007 ;120:1523–1528.
27. Mahady G, Low Dog T, Barrett M, et al. United States Pharmacopeia review of the black cohosh case reports of hepatotoxicity. Menopause . 2008;15(4):628–638.
28. Black cohosh. In: Blumenthal M, ed. The ABC Clinical Guide to Herbs. Austin, TX: American Botanical Council; 2003:15–22.
29. Rockwell S, Liu Y, Higgins S. Alteration of the effects of cancer therapy agents on breast cancer cells by the herbal medicine black cohosh. Breast Cancer Res Treat . 2005;90(3) :233–239.
30. Abdali K, Khajehei M, Tabatabaee R. Effect of St. John’s wort on severity, frequency, and duration of hot flashes in premenopausal, perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Menopause . 2010;17(2) :326–331.
31. Al-Akoum M, Maunsell E, Verreault R, Provencher L, Otis H, Dodin S. Effects of Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s wort) on hot flashes and quality of life in perimenopausal women: a randomized pilot trial
.
Menopause. 2009 Mar–Apr;16(2):307–314.
32. Grube B, Walper A, Whatley D. St. John’s wort extract: Efficacy for menopausal symptoms of psychological origin. Adv Ther. 1999;16:177.
33. Boblitz N, Schrader E, Henneicke-Von Zepelin H, et al. Benefit of a fixed drug combination containing St. John’s wort and black cohosh for climacteric patients-results of a randomised clinical trial . Poster presentation from 6th Annual Symposium on Complementary Health Care, Exeter, England, December 2–4 1999. Focus Alt Comp Ther . 2000;5(1):85–86.
34. Uebelhack R, Jens-Uwe Blohmer, et al. Black cohosh and St. John’s wort for climacteric complaints. Obstet Gynecol . 2006;107:247–255.
35. Chung D, Kim H, Park K, et al. Black cohosh and St. John’s wort (GYNO-Plus) for climacteric symptoms. Yonsei Med J . 2007;48(2):289–294.
36. Briese V, Stammwitz U, Friede M, et al. Black cohosh with or without St. John’s wort for symptom-specific climacteric treatment. Results of a large-scale, controlled, observational study. Maturitas . 2007;57:405–414.
37. Canning S, Waterman M, Orsi N, et al. The efficacy of Hypericum perforatum (St John’s Wort) for the treatment of premenstrual syndrome. CNS Drugs . 2010 ;24(3):207–225.
38 . Stevinson C, Ernst E. A pilot study of Hypericum perforatum for the treatment of premenstrual syndrome. BJOG . 2000;107:870–876.
39 . Ozgoli G, Goli M, Moattar F. Comparison of effects of ginger, mefenamic acid, and ibuprofen on pain in women with primary dysmenorrhea. J Alternative and Complementary Med . 2009 ;15(2):129–132.
40 . Rahnama P, Montazeri A, Fallah Huseini H, Kianbakht S, Naseri M. Effect of Zingiber officinale R. rhizomes (ginger) on pain relief in primary dysmenorrhea: a placebo randomized trial. BMC Complement Altern Med. July 10, 2012;12(1):92
41 . Ozgoli G, Goli M, Simbar M. Effects of ginger capsules on pregnancy, nausea and vomiting. J Altern Comp Med. 2009;15(3):243–246
42 . Kuriyama S, Shimazu T, Ohmori K, et al. Green tea consumption, and mortality due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all mortality causes in Japan: the Ohsaki study. JAMA . 2006 . Sept 13 ;296 (10) :1255–1265.
43. Paschka A et al. Induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines by the green tea components, epigallocatechine-3-gallate. Cancer Lett. 1998;130(1–2):1–7
44 . Hibasami H et al. Induction of apoptosis in human stomach cancer cells by green tea catechins. Oncol Rep. 1998;5:527–529.
45 . Ahmad N et al. Green tea constituent epigallocatechin-3-gallate and induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human carcinoma cells. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997;89:1881–1886.
46 . Yang G et al. Inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis in human cancer cell lines by tea polyphenols. Carcinogenesis. 1998;19:611–616.
47 . Chen Z et al. Green tea epigallocatechin gallate shows a pronounced growth inhibitory effect on cancerous cells but not on their normal counterparts. Cancer Lett. 1998;129:173–179.
48 . Liao S, Umekita Y, Guo J, et al. A growth inhibition and regression of human prostate and breast tumors in athymic mice by tea epigallocatechin gallate. Cancer Lett. 1995 ;96:297–301.
49 . Kavanagh, K, Hafer L, Kim D, et al. Green tea extracts decrease carcinogen-induced mammary tumor burden in rats and rate of breast cancer cell proliferation in culture. J Cell Biochem . 2001 ;82 :387–398.
5 0. Hirose M, Hoshiya T, Akegi K, et al. Inhibition of mammary gland carcinogenesis by green tea catechins and other naturally occurring antioxidants in female Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthraacene. Cancer Lett. 1994;83:149–156.
51 . Kavanagh, K, Hafer L, Kim D, et al. Green tea extracts decrease carcinogen-induced mammary tumor burden in rats and rate of breast cancer cell proliferation in culture. J Cell Biochem. 2001 ;82:387–398.
52 . Araki R, Inoue S, Osborne M, Telang, N. Chemoprevention of mammary preneoplasia. In vitro effects of a green tea polyphenol. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1995;768;215–222.
53 . Sartippour M, Zhi-Ming S, Heber D, et al. Green tea inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor induction inhuman breast cancer cells. N Nutr . 2002;132:2307–2311.
54 . Pianetti S, Guo S, Kavanagh K, Sonenshein G. Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3 gallate inhibits Her-2/Neu signaling, proliferation, and transformed phenotype of breast cancer cells. Cancer Res . 2002;62:652–655
55 . Nakachi K, Suemasu K, Suga K, et al. Influence of drinking green tea on breast cancer malignancy among Japanese patients. Japan J Cancer Res. 1998;89:254–261
56 . Sun C, Yuan J, Koh W, Yu M. Green tea, black tea and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Carcinogenesis . 2006;27(7) :1310–1215.
57 . Larsson S, Wolk A. Tea consumption and ovarian cancer risk in a population-based cohort. Arch Intern Med . 2005;165(22) :2683–2686
58 . Zhang M, Lee A, Binns C, Xie X. Green tea consumption enhances survival of epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer . 2004;112(3) :465–469.
59 . Sah J, Balasubramanian S, Eckert R, Rorke E. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway. Evidence for direct inhibit of ERK ½ and AKT kinases. J Biol Chem . 2004;79(13) :12755–12762.
60 . Ahn W, Huh S, Bae S, et al. A major constituent of green tea, EGCG, inhibits the growth of a human cervical cancer cell line, CaSki cells, through apoptosis G(1) arrest, and regulation of gene expression. DNA Cell Biol . 2003;22(3) :217–224.
61. Yokoyama M, Noguchi M, Nakao Y, et al. The tea polyphenol, (-) – epigallocatechin gallate effects on growth, apoptosis, and telomerase activity in cervical cell lines. Gynecol Oncol . 2004;92(1) :197–204.
62. Ahn W, Yoo J, Huh S, et al. Protective effects of green tea extracts (polyphenon E and EGCG) on human cervical lesions. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2003;12(5) :383–390.
63 . Dulloo A et al. Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-hour energy expenditure and fat oxidation in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990;70:1040–1045
64 . Nigata C, Kabuto M, Shimizu H. Association of coffee, green tea, and caffeine intakes with serum concentrations of estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin in premenstrual Japanese women. Nutr Cancer. 1998;30(1) :21–24.
Dr. Tori Hudson graduated from the National College of Naturopathic Medicine (NCNM) in 1984 and has served the college in many capacities over the last 28 years. She is currently a clinical professor at NCNM and Bastyr University; has been in practice for over 28 years; and is the medical director of the clinic A Woman’s Time in Portland, OR, and director of research and development for Vitanica, a supplement company for women. She is also a nationally recognized author, speaker, educator, researcher, and clinician.









0 Comments